1) friedel crafts acylation (CO + HCl+ AlCl3(cat.) ====> benzaldehyd
2) nitration (HNO3/H2SO4(cat.) ====> 3-nitro-m-benzaldehyd <---> 3-nitro-p-benzaldehyd
3)double wolf-kishner (N2H4 + KOH, t*)===> 3-amino-m/pbenzaldehyd (dynamic stability m- and p- form)
4)sandmeyer rxn I) NaNO2 + HCl II) H3O+ + t*-----> m- p- cresol
p-cresol + NaOH----> C7H7ONa (sodium cresol)
p-cresol + PCl5 -----> C7H6Cl + HCl + POCl3 (1-methyl-4-chlorobenzene
1.Si + O2 ---> SiO2
2.SiO2 + 2 NaOH ---> Na2SiO3 + H2O
3.Na2SiO3 + 2 HCl ---> H2SiO3 + 2 NaCl
4.H2SiO3 ----> SiO2 + H2O
5.SiO2 + 2Mg ----> 2MgO + Si
KOH+HCl=KCl+ H2O
2KOH + MgCl2 = Mg(OH)2+2KCl
Zn+2КOH = К2ZnO2+H2
Zn+2КOH + 2H2O= К2[Zn(OH)4]+H2
Zn(OH)2+2КOH = К2ZnO2+2H2O
Zn(OH)2+2КOH=К2[Zn(OH)4