Na2CO3+2HCl=2NaCl+CO2+H2O
Pb(NO3)2+Na2S=PbS+2NaNO3
4 Al + 3 O2 = 2 Al2O3
Al2O3 + 3 H2S = Al2S3 + 3 H2O
Al2S3 + 6 H2O = 2 Al(OH)3 ↓ + 3 H2S↑
2 Al(OH)3 + 3 H2SO4 = Al2(SO4)3 + 6 H2O
2 Al(OH)3 t° = Al2O3 + 3 H2O
C2H4 ==> C2H5OH ==> CH3COH ==> CH3COOH ==> ClCH2COOH ==> NH2CH2COOH
C2H4 + Н2О ==> C2H5OH
CuО + C2H5OH ==> CH3COH + Cu + Н2О
CH3COH + Ag2О ==> CH3COOH + Ag
CH3COOH + Cl2 ==> ClCH2COOH + НCl
ClCH2COOH + 2NH3 ==> NH2CH2COOH + NH4Cl
NH₃; H₂S; HBr; HI ...........
Al³⁺ ; (NO3)⁻ - Al(NO3)3
Ca²⁺ ; (SO3)²⁻ - CaSO3
Na⁺ ; S²⁻ - Na2S
Fe³⁺ ; Cl⁻ - FeCl3
Fe³⁺ ; (PO4)³⁻ - FePO4
Na⁺ ; (NO3)⁻ - NaNO3