Of all the decisions you make when starting a business, probably the most important one relating to taxes is the type of legal structure you select for your company.
Not only will this decision have an impact on how much you pay in taxes, but it will affect the amount of paperwork your business is required to do, the personal liability you face and your ability to raise money.
The most common forms of business are sole proprietorship, partnership, corporation and S corporation. A more recent development to these forms of business is the limited liability company (LLC) and the limited liability partnership (LLP). Because each business form comes with different tax consequences, you will want to make your selection wisely and choose the structure that most closely matches your business's needs.
If you decide to start your business as a sole proprietorship but later decide to take on partners, you can reorganize as a partnership or other entity. If you do this, be sure you notify the IRS as well as your state tax agency.
Sole Proprietorship
The simplest structure is the sole proprietorship, which usually involves just one individual who owns and operates the enterprise. If you intend to work alone, this structure may be the way to go.
The tax aspects of a sole proprietorship are appealing because the expenses and your income from the business are included on your personal income tax return, Form 1040. Your profits and losses are recorded on a form called Schedule C, which is filed with your 1040. The "bottom-line amount" from Schedule C is then transferred to your personal tax return. This is especially attractive because business losses you suffer may offset the income you have earned from your other sources.
As a sole proprietor, you must also file a Schedule SE with Form 1040. You use Schedule SE to calculate how much self-employment tax you owe. In addition to paying annual self-employment taxes, you must make estimated tax payments if you expect to owe at least $1,000 in federal taxes for the year after deducting your withholding and credits, and your withholding will be less than the smaller of: 1) 90 percent of the tax to be shown on your current year tax return or 2) 100 percent of your previous year's tax liability.
The federal government permits you to pay estimated taxes in four equal amounts throughout the year on the 15th of April, June, September and January. With a sole proprietorship, your business earnings are taxed only once, unlike other business structures. Another big plus is that you will have complete control over your business--you make all the decisions.
There are a few disadvantages to consider, however. Selecting the sole proprietorship business structure means you are personally responsible for your company's liabilities. As a result, you are placing your assets at risk, and they could be seized to satisfy a business debt or a legal claim filed against you.
Raising money for a sole proprietorship can also be difficult. Banks and other financing sources may be reluctant to make business loans to sole proprietorships. In most cases, you will have to depend on your financing sources, such as savings, home equity or family loans.
Перевод:
Составьте 10 слов и назовите их.
1) домой. Номер
2). Работа
3) текст. Время
4) обед. Конец
5). Mates
6) день ....
Измените следующие предложения, используя используемую конструкцию:
1. Патрик жил в Глазго, когда он был маленьким. - Патрик жил в ...
Mates и т.д
1. If I go to London, I will call you up.
2. If he had money, he would go to Great Britain.
3. If he had not been busy last week, he would have attended the conference.
(Действие относится к прошлому- last week)
1. Если я поеду в Лондон, я позвоню тебе.
2. Если бы у него были деньги, он бы уехал в Великобританию.
3. Если бы он не был занят на прошлой неделе, он бы принял участие в конференции.
Kazakhstan – Казахстан
When I think of Kazakhstan, I imagine the mysterious deserts, vast rocky canyons, unique flora and fauna, the greatness of mountain peaks, emerald lakes.
The birthplace of many prominent people
This Eurasian country belongs to ancient civilization and it has been the home of the nomadic tribes. It is also the birthplace of many prominent people, such as the philosopher Hodja Ahmet Yassavi, famous bard Buhar Zhyrau, Kerey Khan, etc. Today, Kazakhstan is a prosperous country with high level of economy, education and culture.
The territory
It is considered to be the largest landlocked country in the world. Being situated in Central Asia, it shares borders with the following countries: Russia, Uzbekistan, China and some others. Its territory is mainly formed of steppe, taiga, deserts, canyons and snow-covered mountains.
The national flag
The National Flag of Kazakhstan features a blue rectangular cloth with the sun with 32 rays in the center. There’s a soaring steppe eagle under the sun.
The capital and population
The capital of the country is Astana. It’s a modern cosmopolitan city with plenty of architectural sights. The population of the country is more than 17 million people. The regular currency is the Kazakh tenge.
The climate
The climate of Kazakhstan is amazing. It spans four climatic zones: steppe, forest steppe, desert and semi-desert. The remoteness from oceans and its large area affect weather conditions. It can be severely cold in the north and stifling hot in the south.
Such contrasts are common throughout the country. The shortest season is spring. It lasts only 1,5 months. Over 80% of the territory belongs to inland areas. However, there are 8500 large and small rivers, including Irtysh, Ishim, Tobol, Karatal, Ural, Syr Darya. Many small or medium-sized rivers dry up in summer.
Flora and fauna
Flora and fauna of Kazakhstan are diverse. There are coniferous forests, steppes, and alpine meadows. There are plenty of reptiles in Kazakh steppes. Apart from that, antelopes, gazelles, jackals, various rodents can be found there.
Animals seen at the mountainous area are bears, deer, snow leopards and some other species. For wildlife conservation many natural reserves and national parks have been established.
Когда я думаю о Казахстане, то представляю таинственные пустыни, огромные скалистые каньоны, уникальную флору и фауну, величие горных вершин и изумрудные озера.
Родина многих выдающихся людей
Это евразийская страна принадлежит к древней цивилизации, она же служила домом кочевых племен. Она также была родиной многих выдающихся людей, таких как философ Ходжа Ахмед Яссави, известный бард Бухар жырау, Керей-хан, и т.д. Сегодня Казахстан – это процветающая страна с высоким уровнем экономики, образования и культуры.
Территория
Это крупнейшая в мире страна, окруженная сушей. Будучи расположенной в Центральной Азии, она граничит со следующими странами: Россия, Узбекистан, Китай и некоторыми другими. Ее территория в основном сформирована из степей, тайги, пустыни, каньонов и заснеженных гор.
Государственный флаг
Государственный флаг Республики Казахстан представляет собой голубое прямоугольное полотнище, посередине которого солнце с 32 лучами. Под солнцем парит степной орел.
Столица и население
Столица страны – Астана. Это современный мегаполис с большим количеством архитектурных достопримечательностей. Население страны составляет более 17 миллионов человек. Общепринятой валютой является казахский тенге.
Климат
Климат в Казахстане удивительный. Он охватывает сразу четыре климатические зоны: степь, лесостепь, пустыню и полупустыню. Отдаленность от океанов и большая площадь влияют на погодные условия. На севере может быть необычайный холод, а на юге – удушливая жара.
Такие контрасты часто встречаются по всей стране. Самый короткий сезон – это весна. Она длится всего 1,5 месяца. Более 80% территории относится к внутренним районам, удаленным от моря. Однако там же расположено 8500 больших и малых рек, в том числе Иртыш, Ишим, Тобол, Каратал, Урал, Сырдарья. Многие малые и средние реки высыхают в летний период.
Флора и фауна
Флора и фауна в Казахстане разнообразны. Там есть и хвойные леса, и степи, и альпийские луга. В казахских степях много пресмыкающихся. Помимо этого, там можно увидеть антилоп, газелей, шакалов и различных грызунов.
К животным из горных районов относятся медведи, олени, снежные барсы и другие виды. Для сохранения дикой природы были созданы природные заповедники и национальные парки.